Xinying Gao, Jianhua Zhang, Member, IEEE, Guangyi Liu, Member, IEEE, Ding Xu, Ping Zhang, Yang Lu, and Weihui Dong
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE (Volume:6 )
DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2007.897513
Publish Year: 2007

Abstract: Based on the channel measurements at 5.25 GHz in the hotspot area, empirical path loss (PL) models are developed and discussed for the IMT-Advanced system design. The measured scenarios include indoor line-of-sight (LOS), non-LOS, outdoor LOS/obstructed LOS, and outdoor-to-indoor propagations. The PL exponent, intercept, and standard deviation of shadow fading are obtained by using the least square method in each scenario. Moreover, the floor attenuation factor and penetration loss are determined from the cross-floor measurement and outdoor-to-indoor measurement, respectively.